Shopping Write For Us – A purchase is a transaction in which an exchange occurs. This is shown in contrast to another marketing called a sale. The buyer acquires a desired good or service in exchange for consideration. Said consideration can be monetary, through money. While on the other hand, it would also be considered a purchase through the delivery of another good or service, that is, through payment in kind. Play
The buying process is always shown in contrast to the selling process. In this way this process is called the ” purchase-sale ” process.
For a purchase to occur, two agents must participate: buyer and seller. Only in this way can the function be fulfilled.
What agents are involved in the purchasing process?
For a purchase process to occur, it must present at least two agents for the action.
In this sense, the two agents that must be present for the process to take place are:
- Buyer: One who wants the good or service. This person pays the consideration in exchange for said good or service. It can be a natural or legal person.
- Seller: One who owns the goods or services the other person wants. This establishes the consideration he wishes to receive for said good or service. In this case, he can also be a natural or legal person.
Thus, when both parties reach an agreement, a process known as buying and selling occurs.
Types of purchase depending on the payment
Depending on how the consideration is made, the purchase types can vary. In this sense, depending on how the buyer creates the payment, we can classify assets into two:
- Purchase on credit: When the seller delivers the good and the service, but the buyer pays for it within a predetermined term set by both parties.
- Cash purchase: When the buyer delivers the consideration to the seller immediately.
Thus, said purchases can be classified, based on how the payment is made, into the following types:
- Purchase in kind: When the buyer delivers the consideration to the seller but does so by providing another good or service. It is also called a swap.
- Purchase in cash: When the buyer delivers the consideration to the seller but does so based on payment in currency. The vast majority of assets are made through this channel.
Thus, these are the existing types of purchase, depending on how the consideration offered by the buyer is made.
Types of purchases: what are they?
Operations for acquiring products or raw materials depend on the need to consume or invest.
Therefore, all purchasing models are related to acquisition for consumption or the application of resources in new equipment, expansion of infrastructure, etc.
Based on this principle, we can define the first two types of acquisition, as we can see below:
1. Purchases for investment
This operation aims to acquire equipment and goods that will make up the organization’s assets, that is, the interests and rights that have economic value and can be converted into financial resources.
In short, they make up the company’s equity.
An example of a purchase for investment is the acquisition of a newer machine with more production capacity.
2. Purchases for consumption
Acquisition for consumption is aimed at purchasing materials and raw materials used in production, including the amount applied to office supplies.
It can also be understood as costing purchases, as some organizations call it.
This category has two subdivisions:
- Purchases of productive materials are composed of items directly or indirectly related to the production process. They integrate the final product;
- Purchases of unproductive materials, which are those that are not adopted in the production process. They are costing or forced consumption items.
Both investment and consumption purchases can be classified according to the region of origin or purchase of products and raw materials.
If so, they may fall into one of the following two categories:
3. Local purchases
Both private and public companies can adopt local procurement.
The difference in operations is that in the first case, there is informality, and the second is more formal. However, the procedures performed are pretty similar.
What characterizes this category is whether the acquisition is being made locally, as the name implies.
4. Purchases by import
These acquisitions must be thoroughly examined to ensure all rules and regulations are followed.
You must take the following actions to ensure that everything is done correctly:
- Processing of pro forma invoices ;
- Processing of documents for import at the Department of Foreign Trade (DECEX);
- Exchange purchase to make payment against a letter of credit that is irrevocable;
- Monitoring purchase orders abroad;
- Request for insurance endorsements to carry out air or sea transport;
- Receipt of cargo, either at the airport or at the port;
- Execution of payment of customs duties;
- Complaints to the insurer when there are unforeseen circumstances.
In addition to these four categories, there are two others, which vary according to the formalization of the operation. Check out:
5. Formal purchases
This type of purchase is one in which the operation requires the issuance of a formalization document.
Generally, these acquisitions have predetermined values, which influence the process.
Depending on the value, formality can be greater or lesser; that is, there are different levels of formality.
6. Informal purchases
This operation does not have bureaucratic processing due to its low value.
Knowing these different types of purchases allows you to establish more precise and accurate standards for your procurement operations.
For that, you need a good professional.
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